These are composed of a bewildering array of crossbreeds of domesticated strains, all of them ultimately traceable to the Old World rock dove ( Columba livia). To this genus also belong the street pigeons so common in urban areas. The cosmopolitan genus Columba-including the Old World wood pigeons and the New World band-tailed pigeons-is classified in this group, along with the Streptopelia species, the Old World turtledoves and ringdoves. They are generally coloured soft gray and brown to black, sometimes with iridescent patches on the plumage. Some are ground feeders, others feed partly or wholly in trees. These often gregarious seed and fruit eaters are found worldwide in temperate and tropical regions. The Columbinae, the typical, or true, pigeons, consists of about 175 species in about 30 genera. The numerous genera of pigeons may be classified into subfamilies as follows: The identity of the physical structure within the pigeon’s body that collects this magnetic field information and sends it to the brain remains unknown, but some scientists suspect that it may lie within the inner ear. The sensitivity of the pigeons to these physical properties allows them to determine their directional heading and altitude by using Earth’s magnetic field. Homing pigeons ( Colomba livia) possess a group of neurons that are used to help the birds process changes in the direction, intensity, and polarity of magnetic fields around them. The incubation period is 14 to 19 days, but the young are cared for in the nest for another 12 to 18 days. The female generally incubates the eggs by night, the male by day. The female lays two glossy white eggs in a flimsy nest that barely holds them.
Pigeons are monogamous i.e., they mate for life, and the survivor accepts a new mate only slowly. Because of their long wings and powerful flight muscles, they are strong, swift fliers. All pigeons strut about with a characteristic bobbing of the head.
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Pigeons are gentle, plump, small-billed birds with a skin saddle (cere) between the bill and forehead. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.
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